Corticosteroids for Sjögren’s Disease

Corticosteroids, often just called steroids, are strong anti-inflammatory drugs. In Sjögren’s, they can quickly reduce inflammation and help control flares and severe symptoms. Because long-term use carries real risks, they are usually given for short periods. This article explains how steroids work in Sjögren’s, which are used, and what to expect.¹

How do corticosteroids work?

Corticosteroids work by reducing swelling and redness and by changing the way the immune system works. This makes them useful when Sjögren’s inflammation flares or becomes severe. Corticosteroids can also help with parotid gland swelling and inflammation, or parotitis. They act faster than many other Sjögren’s drugs, which is why doctors reach for them in more urgent situations.^1,2

Steroids do not cure Sjögren’s. They calm inflammation while they are being taken.^1,2

Examples

The corticosteroid used most in Sjögren’s is:^1,2

• Prednisone – A steroid that can help prevent flares and improve severe Sjögren’s symptoms. It is used for many inflammatory and autoimmune conditions.

Inhaled corticosteroids may be used if Sjögren’s affects the lungs, and steroid eye drops may be used for eye flares. Corticosteroids are generally used for Sjögren’s off-label. Talk to your doctor about what is right for you.¹

What to expect

Steroids are generally used only for a short time in Sjögren’s. Long-term use can cause many side effects and organ damage, so your doctor will use the lowest dose that works and watch you closely.¹

Do not stop taking prednisone suddenly. Stopping abruptly can make you feel very unwell, so your doctor will lower the dose gradually.²

What are the possible side effects?

Side effects can vary depending on the specific drug you are taking. With corticosteroids like prednisone, short-term effects can include:²

• Mood and sleep changes – Trouble sleeping or changes in mood can occur.
• Increased appetite and weight changes – Steroids can change how the body handles fat and fluid.
• Stomach upset – Heartburn is common.
• Higher infection risk – Steroids can lower your ability to fight infection.

Longer-term use raises the risk of bone thinning (osteoporosis), infections, and other problems.^1,2

These are not all the possible side effects of corticosteroids. Talk to your doctor about what to expect when taking corticosteroids. You should also call your doctor if you have any changes that concern you when taking corticosteroids.^1,2

Other things to know

Before beginning treatment for Sjögren’s disease, tell your doctor about all your health conditions and any other drugs, vitamins, or supplements you take. This includes over-the-counter drugs.

Talk to your doctor

Steroids can bring fast relief during a flare, but they are not meant for long-term use in most cases, and they work differently for each person. Talk with your doctor about how long to take them and how to lower the dose safely.